Canine Mast Cell Tumor Grading: Understanding the Two Systems and What Your Report Is Actually Telling You
Canine MCT grading has improved significantly since 1984. It is still imperfect. Grade I MCTs can metastasize. Kiupel low-grade tumors can behave aggressively. A plain-language breakdown of both systems — and where AI grading might take us next.
Nodular Dermatofibrosis and Renal Cystadenocarcinoma: Recognizing a Skin Lesion That Points Inward
Multiple firm nodules on a German Shepherd's legs have a differential list. Nodular dermatofibrosis should be on it — because the diagnosis it points to is bilateral renal cystadenocarcinoma
Why Skin Punch Biopsies Come Back “Non-Diagnostic” — And How to Improve Your Diagnostic Yield
Inflammatory and early neoplastic processes can be patchy.
Submitting a single punch biopsy for generalized dermatologic disease significantly reduces diagnostic confidence.